A Importância do Ensino da Teoria e Metodologias de Projecto na Engenharia Mecânica
A Importância do Ensino da Teoria e Metodologias de Projecto na Engenharia Mecânica
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A actividade de projecto é de primordial importância em engenharia, nomeadamente na engenharia mecânica. Projectar é uma actividade cognitiva que consiste em transformar um conjunto de necessidades em requisitos técnicos e estes num produto, num serviço ou numa organização. Tradicionalmente o ensino do projecto tem sido focado nas soluções. Porém, constata-se que cerca de 75% do custo final do produto fica determinado com o projecto, o que lhe confere uma importância determinante. Por este motivo, nas últimas décadas, o ensino de teoria e metodologias do projecto (TMP) começou a fazer parte dos planos curriculares dos cursos de engenharia. É fundamental para os alunos de engenharia conhecerem as principais TMP como ajuda na estruturação do raciocínio e também na fundamentação das decisões tomadas em todas as fases. Devem ser desenvolvidas as suas capacidades de síntese para além das de análise, e especialmente serem estimuladas as capacidades de síntese em termos de: especificação técnica de problemas da sociedade, desenvolvimento de alternativas de soluções sustentáveis e desenvolvimento de critérios para fundamentação das tomadas de decisão. Neste artigo são apresentadas as convicções dos autores relativamente ao ensino de teoria e metodologias de projecto nos cursos universitários de engenharia
João Fradinho received BSc, MSc and PhD degrees from FCT-UNL, Lisbon, Portugal. He worked in the industry during ten years. He is now an Assistant Professor at FCT-UNL and Researcher in UNIDEMI. His research interests are mainly Design Theory and Methodologies (in particular on Axiomatic Design), Design Decision-Making and Sustainability.
António Gabriel-Santos received BSc, MSc and PhD in Mechanical Engineering degrees from FCT-UNL, Portugal, and received a MBA from UCP. He is Assistant Professor at FCT-UNL and Researcher in UNIDEMI. His research interests are mainly Product Development, Machine Design, Axiomatic Design and Design Theories and Methodologies. He is CEO and Technical Director at MANO, S.A., operating in conception, design, manufacture, installing and running materials handling equipment and automated conveying systems.
Helena Navas is Professor of Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and Researcher in UNIDEMI – Unit for Research and Development in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. She is a researcher, consultant and trainer in Innovation, Systematic Innovation and TRIZ.
Miguel Cavique is Professor at the Naval Academy in Naval Engineering field of Mechanics. He designed at the gas network of Lisbon, gave consultancy and designed air conditioning design and building energy auditor. His research activity has been on Axiomatic Design (AD), in particular in what concerns to applications to energy systems and to the marine industry.
António Mourão is an Associate Professor of Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and Researcher in UNIDEMI – Unit for Research and Development in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. His research interests are mainly Design Theory and Methodologies (in particular on Axiomatic Design and Design for X), Mechanical Systems’ Tolerancing, and Engineering Education.
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engenharia mecânica, ensino, projecto, teoria e metodologias de projecto
