Comparação de métodos de inspeção de materiais compósitos com ensaios por ultrassons
Comparação de métodos de inspeção de materiais compósitos com ensaios por ultrassons
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A sustentabilidade é cada vez mais uma prioridade para as empresas e para a sociedade. Isto leva à escolha de novos materiais que tornem os produtos, como carros ou aeronaves, mais eficientes e duradouros. Com isto, o setor aeronáutico tem investido cada vez mais na utilização de polímeros reforçados com fibras (PRF). Estes materiais permitem reduzir o peso das aeroestruturas, mantendo, ou melhorando, as suas propriedades mecânicas. Por outro lado, a utilização destes compósitos laminados leva a novos desafios no controlo dos componentes, tais como descontinuidades por delaminação, falhas na adesão entre fibras e matriz polimérica, entre outros. O controlo das descontinuidades em componentes de PRF pode ser realizado através de ensaios por ultrassons (UT), devido ao seu nulo impacto no componente e a um baixo custo. Os ensaios UT possuem uma boa capacidade de deteção de descontinuidades e da sua localização. Além disto, existem sondas angulares que permitem realizar leituras em zonas de difícil acesso comparativamente com outros métodos de controlo. Os ensaios UT com phased array, ou PAUT, utiliza sondas especializadas com vários cristais emissor/recetor. Isto permite fazer várias emissões sonoras que incidem nos defeitos internos em diferentes ângulos, mitigando possíveis efeitos prejudiciais na leitura do interior dos componentes, para além disso, obtém-se uma imagem transversal da peça que facilita a visualização de descontinuidades. Este trabalho apresenta uma sistematização das descontinuidades principais detetadas em componentes em PRF, produzidos para o setor aeronáutico, bem como os principais métodos utilizados para a sua deteção.
Pedro Miguel Ventura Cardoso has received his mechanical engineering degree from the Setúbal Higher School of Technology of Setúbal Polytechnic Institute. Currently he is finishing his master’s degree in Industrial Engineering.
José Filipe Castanheira Pereira Antunes Simões received a PhD degree from Stafordshire University– England 2001. He is currently Coordinate Professor at Mechanical Engineering Department – Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. His research interests are in the area of mechanical technology.
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Ensaios por Ultrassons, Phased Array, Polímeros Reforçados com Fibra, Setor Aeronáutico
